Renaissance Technologies LLC
- SEC CIK
- 0001037389
- Latest filing
- Aug 13, 2026
Holdings in Q4 2022
Holdings as of Dec 31, 2022, filed Feb 13, 2023. Long positions only; changes compare share counts with Q3 2022.
- Positions
- 4,073
- +97 vs. Q3 2022
- Portfolio value
- $73.1B
- +$2.40B (+3.4%) vs. Q3 2022
| Security | Class | Shares | Value | % of portfolio | Share change | Action | History |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WINTWindtree Therapeutics Inc | COM | 335,700 | $57.0K | <0.1% | +24,100+7.7% | Added | History |
| CLBTCellebrite DI Ltd. | ORDINARY SHARES | 13,300 | $58.0K | <0.1% | +13,300 | New | History |
| SHIPSeanergy Maritime Holdings Corp. | SHS NEW | 117,500 | $58.0K | <0.1% | −303,100−72.1% | Reduced | History |
| IMPLIPI Legacy Liquidation Co | COM | 15,400 | $58.0K | <0.1% | −2,000−11.5% | Reduced | History |
| COOKTraeger, Inc. | COMMON STOCK | 20,601 | $58.0K | <0.1% | +10,504+104.0% | Added | History |
| GPGIGPGI, Inc. | COM CL A | 12,000 | $59.0K | <0.1% | +12,000 | New | History |
| APREAprea Therapeutics, Inc. | COM | 179,200 | $59.0K | <0.1% | −103,341−36.6% | Reduced | History |
| FNCHFinch Therapeutics Group, Inc. | COM | 122,900 | $59.0K | <0.1% | +82,300+202.7% | Added | History |
| STABStatera Biopharma, Inc. | COM | 722,390 | $59.0K | <0.1% | −634,556−46.8% | Reduced | History |
| CMCTCreative Media & Community Trust Corp | COM NEW | 12,200 | $60.0K | <0.1% | −8,088−39.9% | Reduced | History |
| VRPXVirpax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | COM | 96,200 | $60.0K | <0.1% | −62,122−39.2% | Reduced | History |
| LVOLiveOne, Inc. | COMMON STOCK | 93,300 | $60.0K | <0.1% | +18,300+24.4% | Added | History |
| CVUCpi Aerostructures Inc | COM NEW | 19,100 | $61.0K | <0.1% | +19,100 | New | History |
| MTNBMatinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc. | COM | 121,096 | $61.0K | <0.1% | +87,296+258.3% | Added | History |
| MYSEMyseum.AI, Inc. | COM | 246,700 | $61.0K | <0.1% | +20,754+9.2% | Added | History |
| NAKNorthern Dynasty Minerals Ltd | COM NEW | 280,900 | $62.0K | <0.1% | +119,350+73.9% | Added | History |
| TISITeam Inc | COM NEW | 11,869 | $62.0K | <0.1% | −2,260−16.0% | ReducedConverted for a 1-for-10 split | History |
| BSQRBsquare Corp | COM NEW | 55,120 | $62.0K | <0.1% | −31,198−36.1% | Reduced | History |
| PHIOPhio Pharmaceuticals Corp. | COM NEW | 166,800 | $62.0K | <0.1% | −46,800−21.9% | Reduced | History |
| SOLEmeren Group Ltd | SPONSORED ADS | 13,700 | $62.0K | <0.1% | −9,200−40.2% | Reduced | History |
| TKLFTokyo Lifestyle Co., Ltd. | SPONSORED ADS | 50,539 | $62.0K | <0.1% | −1,061−2.1% | Reduced | History |
| AURAurora Innovation, Inc. | CLASS A COM | 52,400 | $63.0K | <0.1% | +52,400 | New | History |
| GRTXGalera Therapeutics, Inc. | COM | 42,500 | $63.0K | <0.1% | −115,268−73.1% | Reduced | History |
| LABPLandos Biopharma, Inc. | COM | 125,401 | $63.0K | <0.1% | −133,300−51.5% | Reduced | History |
| EVGNEvogene Ltd. | SHS | 89,700 | $63.0K | <0.1% | −4,218−4.5% | Reduced | History |
| UPXIUpexi, Inc. | COM | 20,900 | $63.0K | <0.1% | +1,800+9.4% | Added | History |
| OTMOOtonomo Technologies Ltd. | ORDINARY SHARES | 153,800 | $63.0K | <0.1% | −419,726−73.2% | Reduced | History |
| MEGLMagic Empire Global Ltd | ORD SHS | 49,042 | $63.0K | <0.1% | +49,042 | New | History |
| BNTCBenitec Biopharma Inc. | COM | 375,531 | $64.0K | <0.1% | +255,102+211.8% | Added | History |
| CMCMCheetah Mobile Inc. | SPONSORED ADS | 34,745 | $64.0K | <0.1% | −500−1.4% | Reduced | History |
| BOXLBoxlight Corp | COM CL A | 210,600 | $65.0K | <0.1% | +26,800+14.6% | Added | History |
| SGTXSigilon Therapeutics, Inc. | COM | 185,110 | $65.0K | <0.1% | +28,794+18.4% | Added | History |
| BOXDBoxed, Inc. | COM | 335,137 | $65.0K | <0.1% | +335,137 | New | History |
| HZNHorizon Global Corp | COM | 168,902 | $66.0K | <0.1% | −30,299−15.2% | Reduced | History |
| TTSHTile Shop Holdings, Inc. | COM | 15,100 | $66.0K | <0.1% | −54,600−78.3% | Reduced | History |
| LVTXLAVA Therapeutics NV | SHS | 18,800 | $66.0K | <0.1% | +18,800 | New | History |
| TRVNTrevena Inc | COM NEW | 46,452 | $66.0K | <0.1% | +2,608+5.9% | AddedConverted for a 1-for-25 split | History |
| GEOSGeospace Technologies Corp | COM | 15,800 | $67.0K | <0.1% | +15,800 | New | History |
| LSFLaird Superfood, Inc. | COM STK | 79,700 | $67.0K | <0.1% | −2,100−2.6% | Reduced | History |
| CURVTorrid Holdings Inc. | COM | 22,600 | $67.0K | <0.1% | +6,700+42.1% | Added | History |
| IZEAIZEA Worldwide, Inc. | COM | 123,200 | $67.0K | <0.1% | +15,100+14.0% | Added | History |
| KRKR36Kr Holdings Inc. | SPONSORED ADS | 65,000 | $67.0K | <0.1% | +28,400+77.6% | Added | History |
| DAVEDave Inc. | COMMON STOCK | 232,400 | $67.0K | <0.1% | +232,400 | New | History |
| ACICAmerican Coastal Insurance Corp | COM | 64,126 | $68.0K | <0.1% | −1,000−1.5% | Reduced | History |
| ELDNEledon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | COM | 29,673 | $68.0K | <0.1% | −2,200−6.9% | Reduced | History |
| SYRESpyre Therapeutics, Inc. | COM | 151,100 | $68.0K | <0.1% | −98,700−39.5% | Reduced | History |
| EMBKEmbark Technology, Inc. | COM NEW | 20,565 | $68.0K | <0.1% | +380+1.9% | Added | History |
| CNTXContext Therapeutics Inc. | COM | 105,300 | $69.0K | <0.1% | −25,288−19.4% | Reduced | History |
| QSIQuantum-Si Inc | COM CL A | 37,556 | $69.0K | <0.1% | +37,556 | New | History |
| THMInternational Tower Hill Mines Ltd | COM | 161,859 | $69.0K | <0.1% | +32,559+25.2% | Added | History |
| SPIRSpire Global, Inc. | COM CL A | 71,600 | $69.0K | <0.1% | −33,560−31.9% | Reduced | History |
| FAMIFarmmi, Inc. | SHS NEW | 171,307 | $69.0K | <0.1% | +20,624+13.7% | Added | History |
| DLPNDolphin Entertainment, Inc. | COM NEW | 38,400 | $70.0K | <0.1% | −1,400−3.5% | Reduced | History |
| NEXINexImmune, Inc. | COM | 289,700 | $70.0K | <0.1% | +277,000+2,181.1% | Added | History |
| KOREKORE Group Holdings, Inc. | Common | 55,600 | $70.0K | <0.1% | +14,100+34.0% | Added | History |
| IMNNImunon, Inc. | COM | 52,011 | $70.0K | <0.1% | −1,500−2.8% | Reduced | History |
| IGCIGC Pharma, Inc. | COM NEW | 222,011 | $71.0K | <0.1% | −98,889−30.8% | Reduced | History |
| AAMEAtlantic American Corp | COM | 30,500 | $71.0K | <0.1% | −1,100−3.5% | Reduced | History |
| ECORelectroCore, Inc. | COM | 277,060 | $71.0K | <0.1% | +17,400+6.7% | Added | History |
| NCTYThe9 LTD | SPON ADS NEW | 125,286 | $71.0K | <0.1% | −47,205−27.4% | Reduced | History |
| USAUU.S. Gold Corp. | COM NEW | 15,100 | $72.0K | <0.1% | +15,100 | New | History |
| JGAurora Mobile Ltd | ADS | 112,306 | $72.0K | <0.1% | −5,800−4.9% | Reduced | History |
| CREXCreative Realities, Inc. | COM NEW | 124,300 | $72.0K | <0.1% | −14,700−10.6% | Reduced | History |
| CNTBConnect Biopharma Holdings Ltd | ADS | 83,900 | $73.0K | <0.1% | +600+0.7% | Added | History |
| MDRRMedalist Diversified, Inc. | COM | 104,300 | $73.0K | <0.1% | −25,700−19.8% | Reduced | History |
| ONCROncorus, Inc. | COM | 286,936 | $73.0K | <0.1% | +77,403+36.9% | Added | History |
| SYBXSynlogic, Inc. | COM | 96,400 | $73.0K | <0.1% | −19,200−16.6% | Reduced | History |
| Vasta Platform Ltd CL AG9440A109 | Stock | 18,500 | $74.0K | <0.1% | −1,500−7.5% | Reduced | – |
| FUSNFusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. | COM | 23,500 | $74.0K | <0.1% | +6,700+39.9% | Added | History |
| HEPAHepion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | COM | 245,600 | $74.0K | <0.1% | +13,500+5.8% | Added | History |
| AMAMAmbrx Biopharma Cayman, Inc. | SPONSORED ADS | 32,500 | $74.0K | <0.1% | −31,500−49.2% | Reduced | History |
| MOGUMOGU Inc. | SPON ADS | 30,057 | $74.0K | <0.1% | +1,100+3.8% | Added | History |
| DBTXDecibel Therapeutics, Inc. | COM | 36,394 | $75.0K | <0.1% | +4,094+12.7% | Added | History |
| AMSAmerican Shared Hospital Services | COM | 26,000 | $76.0K | <0.1% | +6,679+34.6% | Added | History |
| DRIODarioHealth Corp. | COM NEW | 17,800 | $76.0K | <0.1% | +17,800 | New | History |
| TFFPTFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | COM | 72,155 | $76.0K | <0.1% | +72,155 | New | History |
| FEDUFour Seasons Education (Cayman) Inc. | SPON ADS | 10,512 | $76.0K | <0.1% | −2,615−19.9% | Reduced | History |
| AUSTAustin Gold Corp. | COM | 81,122 | $77.0K | <0.1% | +39,430+94.6% | Added | History |
| FRMMForum Markets Inc | COM NEW | 22,736 | $77.0K | <0.1% | +16,531+266.4% | AddedConverted for a 1-for-20 split | History |
| CALCCalciMedica, Inc. | COM SHS | 156,000 | $78.0K | <0.1% | −44,492−22.2% | Reduced | History |
| BVCBitVentures Ltd | ADS | 13,700 | $78.0K | <0.1% | −700−4.9% | Reduced | History |
| LPCNLipocine Inc. | COM | 196,300 | $78.0K | <0.1% | −3,100−1.6% | Reduced | History |
| BRMKBroadmark Realty Capital Inc. | COM | 22,400 | $80.0K | <0.1% | −124,500−84.8% | Reduced | History |
| CBUSCibus, Inc. | COM | 545,657 | $80.0K | <0.1% | −9,600−1.7% | Reduced | History |
| GNPXGenprex, Inc. | COM | 54,900 | $80.0K | <0.1% | −18,656−25.4% | Reduced | History |
| CLRBCellectar Biosciences, Inc. | COM | 46,736 | $80.0K | <0.1% | +29,046+164.2% | Added | History |
| MDNAFMedicenna Therapeutics Corp. | COM | 176,542 | $81.0K | <0.1% | +131,142+288.9% | Added | History |
| MNDOMind Cti Ltd | ORD | 38,500 | $81.0K | <0.1% | +18,000+87.8% | Added | History |
| OPADOfferpad Solutions Inc. | COM CL A | 174,885 | $81.0K | <0.1% | −40,815−18.9% | Reduced | History |
| ABUSArbutus Biopharma Corp | COM | 35,136 | $82.0K | <0.1% | −10,524−23.0% | Reduced | History |
| JAGXJaguar Health, Inc. | COM NEW | 938,747 | $82.0K | <0.1% | +208,700+28.6% | Added | History |
| XCURExicure, Inc. | COM NEW | 71,600 | $82.0K | <0.1% | −8,200−10.3% | Reduced | History |
| ORKAOruka Therapeutics, Inc. | COM | 35,200 | $83.0K | <0.1% | +1,700+5.1% | Added | History |
| GPGreenpower Motor Co Inc. | COM NEW | 48,000 | $83.0K | <0.1% | −202,718−80.9% | Reduced | History |
| SANWS&W Seed Co | COM | 55,420 | $83.0K | <0.1% | −1,600−2.8% | Reduced | History |
| SNOASonoma Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | COM NEW | 74,467 | $83.0K | <0.1% | −900−1.2% | Reduced | History |
| EYPTEyePoint, Inc. | COM NEW | 24,000 | $84.0K | <0.1% | +24,000 | New | History |
| SLNHSoluna Holdings, Inc | COM | 320,570 | $84.0K | <0.1% | +166,670+108.3% | Added | History |
| RNLXYRenalytix plc | ADS | 45,000 | $84.0K | <0.1% | −81,002−64.3% | Reduced | History |
| SQZSQZ Biotechnologies Co | COM | 114,028 | $84.0K | <0.1% | +55,425+94.6% | Added | History |
Sold out since Q3 2022 (551)
Positions held at the end of Q3 2022 that are gone from this filing.
The largest 100 of 551 by value last quarter.
| Security | Class | Shares in Q3 2022 | Value in Q3 2022 | % of portfolio in Q3 2022 | History |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSFTMicrosoft Corp | Stock | 3,824,284 | $890.7M | 1.3% | History |
| HDHome Depot, Inc. | Stock | 1,598,400 | $441.1M | 0.6% | History |
| JPMJPMorgan Chase & Co | Stock | 3,201,486 | $334.6M | 0.5% | History |
| NKENIKE, Inc. | Stock | 3,781,000 | $314.3M | 0.4% | History |
| ABMDAbiomed Inc | COM | 1,265,800 | $311.0M | 0.4% | History |
| AVGOBroadcom Inc. | Stock | 594,996 | $264.2M | 0.4% | History |
| XYZBlock, Inc. | CL A | 4,098,462 | $225.4M | 0.3% | History |
| AMATApplied Materials Inc | Stock | 2,748,165 | $225.2M | 0.3% | History |
| CMCSAComcast Corp | Stock | 6,211,676 | $182.2M | 0.3% | History |
| GSGoldman Sachs Group Inc | Stock | 532,300 | $156.0M | 0.2% | History |
| LINLinde PLC | SHS | 572,900 | $154.4M | 0.2% | History |
| PLDPrologis, Inc. | REIT | 1,500,614 | $152.5M | 0.2% | History |
| TAT&T Inc. | Stock | 9,931,986 | $152.4M | 0.2% | History |
| VLOValero Energy Corp | Stock | 1,166,388 | $124.6M | 0.2% | History |
| GEGeneral Electric Co | Stock | 1,617,757 | $100.2M | 0.1% | History |
| EQIXEquinix Inc | COM | 155,470 | $88.4M | 0.1% | History |
| NXPINXP Semiconductors N.V. | COM | 562,188 | $82.9M | 0.1% | History |
| LRCXLam Research Corp | COM | 207,356 | $75.9M | 0.1% | History |
| KLACKLA Corp | COM NEW | 207,509 | $62.8M | 0.1% | History |
| DISWalt Disney Co | Stock | 608,638 | $57.4M | 0.1% | History |
| BAMBrookfield Asset Management Ltd. | CL A LTD VT SH | 1,239,063 | $50.7M | 0.1% | History |
| HRBH&R Block Inc | COM | 1,168,700 | $49.7M | 0.1% | History |
| NLYAnnaly Capital Management Inc | REIT | 2,608,115 | $44.8M | 0.1% | History |
| ELEstee Lauder Companies Inc | CL A | 202,300 | $43.7M | 0.1% | History |
| MAMastercard Inc | Stock | 150,800 | $42.9M | 0.1% | History |
| HONHoneywell International Inc | COM | 240,400 | $40.1M | 0.1% | History |
| ATOAtmos Energy Corp | COM | 381,700 | $38.9M | 0.1% | History |
| TXNTexas Instruments Inc | Stock | 247,771 | $38.4M | 0.1% | History |
| TTWOTake Two Interactive Software Inc | COM | 310,639 | $33.9M | <0.1% | History |
| EIXEdison International | Stock | 574,700 | $32.5M | <0.1% | History |
| AIGAmerican International Group, Inc. | Stock | 648,460 | $30.8M | <0.1% | History |
| PAYXPaychex Inc | Stock | 271,601 | $30.5M | <0.1% | History |
| BGBunge Global SA | COM | 364,041 | $30.1M | <0.1% | History |
| Industrias Bachoco SAB456463108 | SPON ADR B | 593,132 | $27.3M | <0.1% | – |
| PENPenumbra Inc | COM | 136,400 | $25.9M | <0.1% | History |
| BURLBurlington Stores, Inc. | COM | 217,900 | $24.4M | <0.1% | History |
| BACBank of America Corp | Stock | 795,066 | $24.0M | <0.1% | History |
| ISRGIntuitive Surgical Inc | COM NEW | 124,630 | $23.4M | <0.1% | History |
| JCIJohnson Controls International plc | Stock | 472,444 | $23.3M | <0.1% | History |
| PTCPTC Inc. | Stock | 218,700 | $22.9M | <0.1% | History |
| MTNVail Resorts Inc | COM | 101,100 | $21.8M | <0.1% | History |
| HUNHuntsman CORP | COM | 875,600 | $21.5M | <0.1% | History |
| AAWWAtlas Air Worldwide Holdings Inc | COM NEW | 213,400 | $20.4M | <0.1% | History |
| BRBroadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. | Stock | 140,500 | $20.3M | <0.1% | History |
| iShares Tr46429B747 | 0-5 YR TIPS ETF | 209,300 | $20.1M | <0.1% | – |
| AFRMAffirm Holdings, Inc. | COM CL A | 1,047,000 | $19.6M | <0.1% | History |
| GBTGlobal Blood Therapeutics, Inc. | COM | 283,700 | $19.3M | <0.1% | History |
| IDXXIDEXX Laboratories Inc | COM | 58,004 | $18.9M | <0.1% | History |
| AMBAAmbarella Inc | SHS | 318,478 | $17.9M | <0.1% | History |
| RUNSunrun Inc. | COM | 625,945 | $17.3M | <0.1% | History |
| HLHecla Mining Co | COM | 4,335,083 | $17.1M | <0.1% | History |
| iShares Inc46434G772 | MSCI TAIWAN ETF | 391,400 | $16.9M | <0.1% | – |
| MRTXMirati Therapeutics, Inc. | COM | 240,927 | $16.8M | <0.1% | History |
| AGFirst Majestic Silver Corp | COM | 2,143,938 | $16.3M | <0.1% | History |
| LSCCLattice Semiconductor Corp | COM | 326,000 | $16.0M | <0.1% | History |
| AZTAAzenta, Inc. | COM | 349,906 | $15.0M | <0.1% | History |
| LBRDKLiberty Broadband Corp | COM SER C | 202,975 | $15.0M | <0.1% | History |
| CHTRCharter Communications, Inc. | CL A | 48,900 | $14.8M | <0.1% | History |
| BRKRBruker Corp | COM | 273,510 | $14.5M | <0.1% | History |
| CHDNChurchill Downs Inc | COM | 78,625 | $14.5M | <0.1% | History |
| PLAYDave & Buster's Entertainment, Inc. | COM | 454,447 | $14.1M | <0.1% | History |
| Ironsource LtdM5R75Y101 | CL A ORD SHS | 4,092,200 | $14.1M | <0.1% | – |
| FMTXForma Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. | SHS | 700,100 | $14.0M | <0.1% | History |
| PAGSPagSeguro Digital Ltd. | COM CL A | 1,004,000 | $13.3M | <0.1% | History |
| CELHCelsius Holdings, Inc. | COM NEW | 146,300 | $13.3M | <0.1% | History |
| TRMBTrimble Inc. | COM | 232,244 | $12.6M | <0.1% | History |
| MNManning & Napier, Inc. | CL A | 1,008,868 | $12.4M | <0.1% | History |
| AERIAerie Pharmaceuticals Inc | COM | 795,473 | $12.0M | <0.1% | History |
| EQHEquitable Holdings, Inc. | COM | 450,500 | $11.9M | <0.1% | History |
| WYNNWynn Resorts Ltd | COM | 187,200 | $11.8M | <0.1% | History |
| DREDuke Realty Corp | COM NEW | 241,800 | $11.7M | <0.1% | History |
| TMToyota Motor Corp | ADS | 88,000 | $11.5M | <0.1% | History |
| TWTRTwitter, Inc. | COM | 247,796 | $10.9M | <0.1% | History |
| BFHBread Financial Holdings, Inc. | COM | 344,242 | $10.8M | <0.1% | History |
| PKGPackaging Corp of America | Stock | 95,600 | $10.7M | <0.1% | History |
| iShares U.S. Treasury Bond ETF46429B267 | ETF | 443,800 | $10.1M | <0.1% | – |
| SWKSSkyworks Solutions, Inc. | Stock | 115,500 | $9.85M | <0.1% | History |
| WTRGEssential Utilities, Inc. | COM | 231,390 | $9.57M | <0.1% | History |
| EATBrinker International, Inc | Stock | 364,800 | $9.11M | <0.1% | History |
| MNRLMNRL Sub Inc. | CL A COM | 363,600 | $8.97M | <0.1% | History |
| iShares Tr464287739 | U.S. REAL ES ETF | 106,100 | $8.64M | <0.1% | – |
| IAUiShares Gold Trust | ETF | 270,500 | $8.53M | <0.1% | History |
| TDToronto Dominion Bank | Stock | 137,275 | $8.42M | <0.1% | History |
| SCCOSouthern Copper Corp | Stock | 182,456 | $8.18M | <0.1% | History |
| iShares Tr464287440 | 7-10 YR TRSY BD | 85,100 | $8.17M | <0.1% | – |
| IMGNImmunoGen, Inc. | COM | 1,705,140 | $8.15M | <0.1% | History |
| Transglobe Energy Corp893662106 | COM | 3,007,301 | $8.06M | <0.1% | – |
| SABRSabre Corp | COM | 1,544,000 | $7.95M | <0.1% | History |
| BKHBlack Hills Corp | COM | 117,100 | $7.93M | <0.1% | History |
| BBDBank Bradesco | SP ADR PFD NEW | 2,129,595 | $7.84M | <0.1% | History |
| EXRExtra Space Storage Inc. | COM | 45,200 | $7.81M | <0.1% | History |
| iShares Tr464287184 | CHINA LG-CAP ETF | 293,000 | $7.58M | <0.1% | – |
| IEAInfrastructure & Energy Alternatives, Inc. | COM | 558,100 | $7.56M | <0.1% | History |
| CWKCushman & Wakefield Ltd. | SHS | 655,600 | $7.51M | <0.1% | History |
| IBPInstalled Building Products, Inc. | COM | 91,000 | $7.37M | <0.1% | History |
| Grindrod Shipping Holdings LY28895103 | SHS | 300,095 | $7.18M | <0.1% | – |
| BCRXBiocryst Pharmaceuticals Inc | COM | 565,380 | $7.12M | <0.1% | History |
| MCMoelis & Co | CL A | 210,544 | $7.12M | <0.1% | History |
| Invesco Exch TRD SLF Idx FD46138J882 | BULSHS 2022 CB | 330,300 | $7.00M | <0.1% | – |
| AGCOAGCO Corp | COM | 71,300 | $6.86M | <0.1% | History |