| LBTYALiberty Global Ltd. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)9:20 AM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Fries Michael TPresident & CEO | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in.Class A Common Shares | +110.0K | $9.37 | +$1.03M | +9.7%1.24M after | |
| LBTYALiberty Global Ltd. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)9:20 AM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Rodriguez EnriqueEVP, Chief Technology Officer | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in.Class A Common Shares | +211.3K | $9.45 | +$2.00M | +54.0%602.4K after | |
| MMYTMakeMyTrip Ltd | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)9:35 AM ET | Nov 3-4 | 2 days | Magow RajeshGroup Chief Executive Officer | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −30.0K | $46.87 | −$1.41M | −100.0%0 after | 2 lotsThis row combines 2 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average. |
| PBProsperity Bancshares Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)11:15 AM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Holmes Ned SDirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | +455 | $73.96 | +$33.7K | +0.7%66.1K after | 10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| PBProsperity Bancshares Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)11:15 AM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Holmes Ned SDirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −45 | $74.70 | −$3.36K | −0.1%66.0K after | 10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| PBProsperity Bancshares Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)11:15 AM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Holmes Ned SDirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −600 | $74.04 | −$44.4K | −1.6%38.1K after | 4 lotsThis row combines 4 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average.10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| CSAICloudastructure, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)11:56 AM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Bentley Sheldon RichardOther: Founder | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase.Class A Common Stock | −1.50K | $2.16 | −$3.24K | −69.2%667 after | 10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| CHHChoice Hotels International Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)12:00 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Oaksmith Scott ESVP, Chief Financial Officer | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −2.00K | $120.35 | −$240.7K | −6.0%31.2K after | 2 lotsThis row combines 2 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average.10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| SCNDScientific Industries Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)12:10 PM ET | Oct 31 | 5 daysLateFiled more than 2 business days after the trade (the Form 4 deadline). A few cases, such as trades a broker makes under a 10b5-1 plan, have a longer deadline, so this flag comes from the dates alone and does not mean a rule was broken. | Moore John AChairman of the Board | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in. | +51.2K | $0.65 | +$33.3K | +5.4%1.00M after | |
| CHCOCity Holding Co | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)12:13 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Legge Jeffrey DaleEVP, CAO & CIO | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −512 | $145.30 | −$74.4K | −6.3%7.66K after | |
| SCNDScientific Industries Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)12:14 PM ET | Oct 31 | 5 daysLateFiled more than 2 business days after the trade (the Form 4 deadline). A few cases, such as trades a broker makes under a 10b5-1 plan, have a longer deadline, so this flag comes from the dates alone and does not mean a rule was broken. | Moore John AChairman of the Board | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in. | +7.10K | $0.60 | +$4.26K | +0.7%1.01M after | |
| ISRGIntuitive Surgical Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)12:55 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Barratt Craig HDirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −1.15K | $460.00 | −$529.0K | −100.0%0 after | 10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| PAMPampa Energy Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)1:10 PM ET | Nov 3-4 | 2 days | Mindlin Damian MiguelVicepresident | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in.American Depositary shares | +38.7K | $67.68 | +$2.62M | +5.6%729.5K after | 2 lotsThis row combines 2 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average. |
| CHDChurch & Dwight Co Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)1:22 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Read MichaelEVP, International | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −8.70K | $112.29 | −$976.9K | −84.5%1.60K after | |
| Institutional Investment Strategy Fund | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)1:33 PM ET | Nov 2 | 3 daysLateFiled more than 2 business days after the trade (the Form 4 deadline). A few cases, such as trades a broker makes under a 10b5-1 plan, have a longer deadline, so this flag comes from the dates alone and does not mean a rule was broken. | Ghodoosi ArashPresident, Principal Executive | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in.Institutional Investment Strategy Fund - Founder Class Share | +7.69 | $13.13 | +$101 | 0.0%41.7K after | |
| ISRGIntuitive Surgical Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)1:38 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Guthart Gary SDirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −10.0K | $457.34 | −$4.57M | −0.8%1.19M after | 10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| CIVBCivista Bancshares, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)1:42 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Macioce Mark J.Director | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in.Common | +209 | $28.98 | +$6.06K | +62.9%541.35 after | |
| PKBKParke Bancorp, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)1:51 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Hill Jonathan D.Chief Financial Officer | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −454 | $33.01 | −$15.0K | −93.8%30 after | |
| TTMITTM Technologies Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)1:59 PM ET | Nov 5 | Same day | Ali WajidDirector | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in. | +10.0K | $63.15 | +$631.5K | +27.9%45.8K after | |
| MCKMcKesson Corp | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)2:10 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Fraga FranciscoEVP, CIO and CTO | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −600 | $1,050.00 | −$630.0K | −10.6%5.06K after | 10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| CHDChurch & Dwight Co Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)2:21 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Saligram Ravichandra KrishnamurtyDirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −5.00K | $112.69 | −$563.5K | −57.8%3.65K after | |
| ARLOArlo Technologies, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)3:05 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Binder Kurtis JosephCHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −33.4K | $15.03 | −$501.9K | −9.7%312.1K after | 10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| CHEChemed Corp | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)3:34 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | McNamara Kevin Jpresident and CEO | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase.Capital Stock | −2.00K | $537.90 | −$1.08M | −2.4%82.2K after | |
| OneAscent Capital Opportunities Fund | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)3:46 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Siverling JohnOther: Portfolio Manager | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in.OneAscent Capital Opportunities Fund | +25.0K | $11.53 | +$288.3K | New position4.65K after | |
| TAKTakeda Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)3:54 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Platford Giles RichardPresident, IBU | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase.American Depositary Shares | −55.6K | $20.90 | −$1.16M | −17.1%270.3K after | |
| UBSIUnited Bankshares Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)3:55 PM ET | Nov 5 | Same day | Winter P ClintonDirector | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in. | +52 | $50.06 | +$2.60K | –59.9K after | DerivativeA trade in a derivative security (option, warrant, restricted stock unit and so on). The value is the derivative's own price times the quantity. |
| KFRCKforce Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:03 PM ET | Nov 3-4 | 2 days | Dunkel David LDirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −3.00K | $58.31 | −$174.9K | −0.6%503.3K after | 4 lotsThis row combines 4 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average. |
| IRDOpus Genetics, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:04 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Magrath GeorgeChief Executive Officer | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −28.3K | $3.90 | −$110.2K | −1.4%2.01M after | |
| HHyatt Hotels Corp | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:05 PM ET | Nov 3-4 | 2 days | KLP 2006-N3 Family TrustOther: See Remarks | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase.Class A Common Stock | −133.9K | $188.81 | −$25.3M | –725.1K after | DerivativeA trade in a derivative security (option, warrant, restricted stock unit and so on). The value is the derivative's own price times the quantity.4 lotsThis row combines 4 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average. |
| NDAQNasdaq, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:05 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Tal CohenPres. Market Platforms | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase.Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | −2.29K | $108.05 | −$247.3K | −1.1%202.8K after | |
| TWSTTwist Bioscience Corp | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:05 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Green PaulaSVP of Human Resources | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −1.01K | $135.40 | −$136.3K | −0.9%105.6K after | |
| TWSTTwist Bioscience Corp | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:05 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Werner Robert F.Chief Accounting Officer | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −148 | $135.40 | −$20.0K | −0.3%42.8K after | |
| TWSTTwist Bioscience Corp | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:05 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Leproust Emily M.Chief Executive Officer | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −4.57K | $135.40 | −$619.2K | −0.8%558.2K after | |
| TWSTTwist Bioscience Corp | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:05 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Finn Patrick JohnPresident and COO | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −2.56K | $135.40 | −$347.3K | −1.4%180.3K after | |
| TWSTTwist Bioscience Corp | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:05 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Cho DennisSee Remarks | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −949 | $135.40 | −$128.5K | −1.5%62.8K after | |
| REGNRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:05 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Zoghbi Huda YDirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −7.44K | $970.46 | −$7.22M | −81.4%1.70K after | 2 lotsThis row combines 2 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average. |
| SPPLSimpple Ltd. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:05 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Lee Kelvin Soon SzeDirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −1 | $1.00 | −$1 | −100.0%0 after | |
| COCOVita Coco Company, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:06 PM ET | Nov 3-4 | 2 days | Baker CoreyChief Financial Officer | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −6.00K | $64.17 | −$385.0K | −19.4%25.0K after | 2 lotsThis row combines 2 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average.10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| AOMDAngel Oak Mortgage REIT, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:06 PM ET | Nov 5 | Same day | Parsons LandonDirector | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in. | +7.40K | $6.28 | +$46.5K | +14.8%57.2K after | |
| UVEUniversal Insurance Holdings, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:06 PM ET | Nov 3-4 | 2 days | Springer JonDirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −41.4K | $48.85 | −$2.02M | −16.5%209.4K after | 3 lotsThis row combines 3 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average. |
| OPKOpko Health, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:07 PM ET | Nov 5 | Same day | Paganelli John ADirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −4.43K | $1.78 | −$7.88K | −1.1%389.9K after | |
| OPKOpko Health, Inc. | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:07 PM ET | Nov 5 | Same day | Paganelli John ADirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −9.18K | $1.82 | −$16.7K | −100.0%0 after | |
| ROPRoper Technologies Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:08 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Cross Brandon LVP & Chief Accounting Officer | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −2.00K | $489.30 | −$978.6K | −46.8%2.27K after | |
| INCYIncyte Corp | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:08 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Tray ThomasPrincipal Accounting Officer | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −610 | $118.96 | −$72.6K | −2.8%21.1K after | 10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| FMCFMC Corp | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:08 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Scanlan JacquelineExecutive VP & Chief HRO | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −4.93K | $6.55 | −$32.3K | −7.8%58.6K after | 10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| ADPAutomatic Data Processing Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:09 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Lehberger Jonathan SCorp. VP | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −770 | $300.35 | −$231.3K | −13.4%4.96K after | 10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| ADPAutomatic Data Processing Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:09 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Rodriguez Carlos ADirector | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −2.63K | $303.17 | −$797.6K | −11.5%20.2K after | 21 lotsThis row combines 21 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average.10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
| GEGeneral Electric Co | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:09 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Giglietti Robert M.Vice President | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase. | −14.8K | $332.54 | −$4.92M | −42.3%20.2K after | 2 lotsThis row combines 2 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average. |
| BKRBaker Hughes Co | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:09 PM ET | Nov 3 | 2 days | Rice John GDirector | PPurchaseThe insider bought shares with their own money, on the open market or in a private deal (for example, a company's private placement). This is the code investors watch most closely: it is money the insider chose to put in.Class A Common Stock | +10.0K | $53.10 | +$531.0K | +14.9%77.3K after | |
| VSATViasat Inc | Nov 5, 2026 (view filing)4:10 PM ET | Nov 4 | 1 day | Miller Craig AndrewSVP, Pres Viasat Government | SSaleThe insider sold shares on the open market or in a private deal. People sell for many reasons, such as paying taxes, diversifying or following a pre-set 10b5-1 plan, so a single sale usually says less than a purchase.$.0001 par value common stock | −22.5K | $70.19 | −$1.58M | −35.1%41.6K after | 2 lotsThis row combines 2 trades of the same kind from one filing. The price is the value-weighted average.10b5-1The filer checked the Rule 10b5-1 box: this trade was made under a trading plan set up in advance. |
