Prepared remarks
Ladies and gentlemen, good day, and welcome to ZKH Group Limited's First Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call. Today's conference is being recorded. At this time, I would like to turn the conference over to Daecy Xu, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, ma'am.
Good morning, and welcome to ZKH First Quarter of 2026 Earnings Conference Call. With me are Mr. Eric Chen, our Founder, Chairman and CEO; and Mr. Max Lai, our CFO. Today's discussion may include forward-looking statements. Related factors are described in our today's press release, and we will also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures for comparison purposes only. Please refer to the earnings release for definitions of these measures and a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP results. With that, I will turn the call over to Eric. Eric, please go ahead.
Hello, everyone. Thank you for joining our first quarter 2026 earnings conference call. We entered 2026 with strong momentum, building on the recovery trajectory established in the second half of last year. As our business steadily scaled, the quality of our growth also improved. In the first quarter, both GMV and revenue growth accelerated year-over-year for the second consecutive quarter. GMV returned to double-digit growth and revenue delivered its strongest year-over-year performance in recent quarters. On the profitability front, our operating quality continued to improve. Gross margin achieved expansion sequentially, reflecting an improving trend. Driven by refined operations, improved organizational efficiency and the ongoing benefits of operating leverage, adjusted net profit was up 103% year-over-year, marking the first time we have achieved adjusted profitability in the first quarter.
Delivering these solid results during the first quarter, an off-season for the MRO industry, reinforces our confidence in achieving double-digit GMV growth and full year profitability in 2026. From a cash flow perspective, net cash outflow from operating activities narrowed significantly year-over-year, further enhancing our financial resilience. Overall, the strategic initiatives we have implemented over the past several quarters, focused on optimizing customer mix and operational efficiency, continue to deliver tangible results and position us for steadier, higher-quality growth going forward. Starting with GMV. First quarter GMV increased 12.9% year-over-year, representing a meaningful acceleration compared with both the year-ago period and the prior quarter. Based on current order activity and shipment trends, we expect GMV growth to accelerate further in the second quarter. This strong performance was fueled by the continued expansion of our customer base.
During the quarter, the number of transacting customers increased 11% year-over-year to 66,000, reflecting the accelerating adoption of online procurement among Chinese manufacturers. This growing customer base provides a solid foundation for our long-term sustainable growth. Beyond overall customer growth, we also saw broad-based strength across customer segments. GMV from SME customers on the ZKH platform increased more than 20% year-over-year. SMEs typically have more fragmented demand and a broader range of procurement needs, making them a strong indicator of our platform's service capabilities. As online procurement adoption continues to deepen among small- and medium-sized manufacturers, we believe there is significant room to further increase penetration in this customer segment. We also saw a more pronounced recovery among central SOE customers during the quarter, with GMV returning to double-digit year-over-year growth and improving meaningfully on both a sequential and year-over-year basis.
Performance among our industry key accounts was in line with expectations with GMV growing more than 20% year-over-year across major verticals, including electrical manufacturing, communications, electronics, new energy and steel and non-ferrous metals. We also expanded our presence in emerging sectors such as semiconductors, energy storage, optical modules, robotics and optical communications, strengthening our customer base among industry leaders in these high-growth markets. The GBB platform also maintained strong momentum with GMV increasing more than 30% year-over-year. As a key platform serving distributors, resellers and micro and small businesses, GBB leverages a more standardized e-commerce-driven operating model to expand customer coverage and improve online conversion. More importantly, it creates strong synergies with the ZKH platform, effectively extending our service reach and providing an additional growth driver for the broader business.
Turning to our international business. We continue to expand both our customer base and geographic footprint during the quarter, delivering robust growth with revenues increasing more than sixfold year-over-year. While continuing to strengthen our end-to-end capabilities to support Chinese manufacturers expanding overseas, we also advanced our local U.S. operations through enhancements in product development, multichannel sales and fulfillment. From an operating strategy perspective, we remain committed to high-quality growth with a strong focus on operating discipline and investment efficiency. Our goal for this year is to reach breakeven for our international business. The continued expansion of our customer base and business scale reflects our long-term investments in building core capabilities and the strong execution behind these efforts. During the quarter, with customer value at the heart of our strategy, we expanded our product portfolio, strengthened our supply chain capabilities and accelerated AI adoption across business scenarios, further enhancing our one-stop platform service capabilities.
Starting with product capabilities. We further strengthened our core product offering by sharpening our focus on high-value industries and highly specialized industrial scenarios. During the quarter, we identified 10 priority product lines, including factory automation, electrical automation, pumps, pipes and valves and cutting tools and increased resource allocation to support their growth. By improving coordination between production and sales, optimizing bulk procurement and enhancing specialized operational capabilities, we further bolstered the competitiveness of these key product lines. Taking factory automation or FA as an example, we launched the FA Mall during the quarter, a one-stop digital procurement and technical services platform tailored to the automation value chain. The platform offers a broad range of FA components and integrates key capabilities such as intelligent product selection, 3D modeling and technical support, helping customers address traditional procurement pain points, including complex product selection and high technical barriers.
As our key product lines continue to advance, we have also deepened customer penetration in core industries. By category, professional and high-precision MRO products such as FA components, industrial lubricants and chemical reagents all achieved solid double-digit GMV growth, further solidifying our core competitive advantage in highly specialized industrial scenarios. In addition, we continue to strengthen our platform's overall supply capabilities. By the end of the first quarter, the number of sellable SKUs on the platform increased to 27 million, up from 23 million at the end of the prior quarter. Building on this foundation, we further expanded our private label portfolio by accelerating new product development. In the first quarter, we introduced more than 400 new private label SKUs, including innovative items such as lightweight breathable bump caps and anti-static nitrile gloves, covering diverse scenarios from personal protection and tools to cleaning and office supplies.
These efforts further enhanced the competitiveness of our private label products and expanded our customer reach. GMV from private label products grew by over 20% year-over-year and accounted for approximately 9.7% of total GMV in the first quarter of 2026. On the fulfillment front, we continue to enhance our warehouse network and strengthen last-mile delivery capabilities, further reinforcing our multi-tier operating system. In the first quarter, the capacity of our self-operated fleet continued to grow, improving both delivery coverage and responsiveness. At the same time, our prior investments in warehouse network optimization and automation drove a 36% year-over-year improvement in warehouse utilization efficiency. These end-to-end enhancements across warehousing, transportation and delivery contributed to a 17% year-over-year reduction in our comprehensive fulfillment expenses for the quarter.
Looking ahead, as we continue upgrading warehouse operations and digitalizing fleet scheduling, we believe there is further room to drive down our comprehensive fulfillment cost ratio. While continuing to strengthen our product and fulfillment capabilities, we are also actively forging future-proof long-term technological advantages, guided by our goal of building industry-leading full stack AI capabilities for industrial supplies. We are systematically deploying AI across key industry use cases. At the data layer, we continue to enhance the ZKH data dictionary and industry knowledge graph capabilities, improving the structure, interconnectivity and real-world applicability of industrial product data. We also strengthened data governance through AI-powered data annotation. Together, these efforts have established a stronger data foundation for broader AI applications across our business.
In 2026, our goal is to build the industry's first knowledge graph exceeding 100 million industrial product data points and 10 million industry relations. This will further strengthen AI's ability to understand and operate in complex industrial supply scenarios. Taking the request-for-quote scenario as an example, while many procurement needs can be fulfilled directly through our online platform, quotation workflows remain an important customer entry point. Today, approximately 30% of material matching and product identification tasks within quotation workflows are already handled by AI. By the end of 2026, we aim to increase the overall AI-powered product identification rate to 70% with data-intensive product lines such as fasteners, pumps, pipes and valves and hand tools expected to reach 80% to 90%. We believe these advancements will meaningfully improve quotation completion rates, inventory turnover and sales conversion rates.
At the model layer, our Hangjia Linglong MRO vertical large language model continued to evolve, further improving its ability to understand, reason and execute tasks in complex industrial supply scenarios. During the quarter, we expanded image-based training to strengthen the model's multimodal capabilities and officially launched Hangjia Huiyan, the industry's first intelligent visual search engine for MROs. Powered by advanced image recognition, Hangjia Huiyan can rapidly identify material types and specifications and pair them with specific application context to deliver intelligent diagnostics and product recommendations. This significantly improved communication and procurement efficiency in complex industrial supply scenarios. At the orchestration layer, we are also actively building our MRO AI developer platform by integrating proprietary models and AI tool chains, standardizing advanced AI capabilities and making them easier for cross-functional teams to access and apply.
We also launched our AI for All initiative across the organization, encouraging teams to develop and deploy AI tools tailored to specific business scenarios and accelerating AI adoption across the company. In the first quarter alone, our teams developed and launched more than 60 AI agents and RPA bots driving meaningful efficiency gains and freeing up more than 2,000 human labor hours per month. Our IP development efficiency also continued to improve. In 2026, we aim to increase our AI code generation rate from approximately 30% today to 80%. At the application layer, we have established an integrated AI ecosystem spanning core business functions, including merchandising, sales, operations and customer service. Within this ecosystem, we have developed a diverse portfolio of AI agents such as AI quotation assistant, AI material manager and ProductRecom, which are increasingly delivering tangible business value across our operations.
In 2026, as we continue to refine and scale these AI applications, we expect AI-driven sales to grow meaningfully. As we move through 2026, we will continue investing in product capabilities, fulfillment capacity and AI innovation, further strengthening our comprehensive service offerings for complex industrial scenarios and reinforcing our long-term competitive advantages. Building on this foundation, we will remain focused on high-quality growth by driving greater operational efficiency and earnings, steadily advancing towards our goal of full year profitability. I'll now turn the call over to our CFO, Max Lai, to present our financial results. Thank you, everyone.
Thank you, Eric, and thanks, everyone, for making time to join our earnings call today. Now let me walk you through our financial performance for the first quarter of 2026. We started the year with solid momentum across key financial metrics. In the first quarter, we delivered accelerated top-line growth, improved operating efficiency and greatly enhanced profitability. Notably, we achieved non-GAAP adjusted profitability, marking our first profitable first quarter on an adjusted basis and a meaningful turnaround from the same period last year. These results reflect the improving quality of our growth, increasing scalability of our operating model and the ongoing benefits of strategic initiatives we've implemented over the past several quarters. Let's now take a closer look at first quarter's financial performance, starting with the top line. During the quarter, we built on the improving trend established in the second half of last year with both GMV and revenues accelerating year-over-year for the second consecutive quarter.
GMV increased by 12.9% year-over-year to RMB 2.45 billion, while total revenues grew by 9.2% year-over-year to RMB 2.11 billion, both representing our strongest quarterly growth in recent periods. This performance was supported by the continued expansion of our customer base and stronger platform engagement. Our earnings profile also strengthened during the quarter, supported by improved operating leverage and ongoing efficiency gains. Gross profit increased by 6.6% year-over-year to RMB 354 million, while gross margin moderated slightly year-over-year from 17.2% to 16.7%. Our underlying margin trends improved sequentially with GMV-based gross margin increasing by 90 basis points. Going forward, we will continue to improve business quality through three priorities: a more balanced customer and product mix, higher contribution from private label products and greater supply chain efficiency.
On operational efficiency, we maintained strong cost discipline while continuing to invest in capabilities that support our long-term growth. Total operating expenses decreased by 8.8% year-over-year to RMB 376.5 million, representing 17.8% of net revenues compared with 21.3% in the same period last year. Breaking this down, fulfillment expenses decreased by 16.8% year-over-year to RMB 77.6 million. Sales and marketing expenses remained relatively stable at RMB 137.6 million. R&D expenses decreased by 25.9% year-over-year to RMB 29.3 million. General and administrative expenses decreased by 7.9% year-over-year to RMB 131.9 million. This improvement reflected continued reinforcement of our operating model, enhanced organizational efficiency and more disciplined resource allocation. During the quarter, GMV per effective employee increased by over 20% year-over-year, reflecting a meaningful improvement in our workforce productivity.
In addition, as we mentioned earlier, we continue to optimize our overseas business strategy with a stronger focus on operating quality and investment efficiency. This contributed to lower overseas-related spending and further improvement in our overall expense structure. These efficiency gains translated into significant improvement in profitability compared to the same period last year. Operating loss narrowed by 72.2% to RMB 22.5 million with operating loss margin improving to negative 1.1% from negative 4.2%. Non-GAAP EBITDA turned positive at RMB 4.2 million compared with negative RMB 52 million in the prior year period, with margin increasing to positive 0.2% from negative 2.7%. Most notably, we achieved a non-GAAP adjusted net profit of RMB 1.7 million compared with non-GAAP adjusted net loss of RMB 50.2 million in the same period last year. This significant turnaround reflects the combined impact of top-line recovery, improved operating efficiency and further operating leverage.
Turning to the balance sheet. We maintained a healthy liquidity position. As of March 31, 2026, our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments totaled RMB 1.84 billion, providing us with ample financial flexibility to support our business operations and strategic priorities. Operating cash flow also improved meaningfully year-over-year. Net cash used in operating activities was RMB 34 million in the first quarter compared with cash outflow of RMB 97.1 million in the same period of 2025, reflecting continued improvement in our working capital management. To recap, the first quarter marked a strong start to 2026. We delivered accelerated top-line growth, continued improvement in operating efficiency and substantial gains in profitability. Notably, we achieved our first non-GAAP adjusted net profitability in the seasonally soft first quarter. Looking ahead, our focus remains on high-quality growth and disciplined execution. This concludes our prepared remarks. Thank you. We would now like to open the call for questions. Operator, please go ahead.
Questions and answers
The first question comes from Leo Chiang with Deutsche Bank.
(Question in a foreign language.) The first quarter company's gross margin improved quarter-over-quarter, but it still declined year-over-year. Could management share your view on the long-term trend of gross margin? And what factors could constrain further improvement in gross margin? And what action has the company taken to improve gross margin?
Thank you for the question. I will take this question in three parts: category mix, customer mix and private labels. For category mix, we have lots of SKUs and product lines, so things are quite fragmented and gross margins of different products vary greatly. For some product lines, gross margins are lower, but the growth for their gross profits and GMV is relatively fast. In the short run, they might drive down the overall gross margins. But if they are able to still drive customer penetration, expand our supply capabilities and contribute to the growth of our absolute gross profit, then there's still value in operating those categories. At the same time, some MRO product gross margins and gross profits are going up simultaneously, especially for our advantageous product lines such as PPE or personal protective equipment, cleaning, OEM fasteners, handling and storage and security. These categories are reflecting better profit conversion efficiency.
As these high-quality product lines take a higher share of the overall portfolio, this will help improve our overall gross margin structure. Regarding Q1 being lower year-over-year, it was primarily due to margin declines in categories including diesel, transformer oil and silicon photonics wafers, which pulled down our gross margin. But overall, our gross margin is pretty solid. On customer mix, usually the gross margin for SME customers is higher than for key accounts or large customers. So the share of GMV from SME customers will impact the trend of our overall gross margins. Currently, SME customers' GMV accounts for about 30-plus percent of the total, while key accounts GMV accounts for about 60%. SME customers are growing at about 20% GMV-wise, so from a customer mix perspective our gross margin is improving. On private labels, gross margins for private labels are typically higher than non-private labels.
Private label GMV currently accounts for 9.7% and our long-term goal for it is to reach over 30%. Overall, in terms of managing gross margin, we will not pursue maximizing a single product or a single quarter's margin. We care more about improving our overall supply capabilities, deepening our customer reach and growing our absolute gross profits. We understand that gross margin varies significantly across product lines, so adjustments to the product portfolio at different stages of development will impact overall gross margin. But our long-term goal is to grow gross profit continuously through advantageous product lines, private labels and optimization of customer mix and purchasing efficiencies.
The next question comes from Xiaodan Zhang with CICC.
(Question in a foreign language.) I will translate myself. We noticed that high-tech manufacturing such as communication electronics, auto manufacturing and equipment manufacturing accelerated its growth in first quarter and in April. Could management share more about whether we are seeing a similar trend? And how is our performance in these sectors? And also any initiatives have been introduced to expand our market share in these sectors?
Thank you for the question. Indeed, we have seen players in the advanced manufacturing sector buying more in terms of MROs. These include sectors like electrical manufacturing, communication, electronics, alternative energy or new energy and non-ferrous metals. GMV for the aforementioned sectors all achieved year-over-year growth of over 20%. For semiconductors, energy storage, optical modules, robotics and optical communication—these emerging sectors—we are accumulating more and more customer resources. Other sectors that have been growing relatively fast include steel and non-ferrous metals; specifically, if we look at daily average order volume from January through April, that metric has grown 100% for steel and non-ferrous metals. For the same metric, daily average order volume Jan through April grew by 45% for communication electronics and 33% for alternative energies. Refined chemicals, pharmaceuticals and electrical manufacturing have all grown very quickly.
In terms of measures to improve our sector penetration and market share, we have taken three steps. First, we formed sector-specific sales forces to target customers in these sectors. Second, we are building sector-specific commodity pools and customer-specific commodity pools for these sectors. Third, to embrace the growth in robotics and smart products, we launched the FA Mall, which I mentioned earlier. That addresses the procurement and technical support needs specific to factory automation. That was my answer to this question. Thank you.
The next question comes from Brook Wang with CITIC.
(Question in a foreign language.) The company's overseas business revenue increased by sixfold year-over-year in the first quarter. Could you please introduce this year's strategy for the overseas business?
Thank you for that question. For the first few months of this year, we not only achieved year-over-year growth in overseas revenue, we also achieved month-over-month growth. Two points about the overseas business. First, we are primarily serving Chinese companies going abroad. We will leverage our existing customer relationships with Chinese customers to drive more overseas orders. We will also strengthen our last-mile fulfillment capabilities when serving different geographies overseas. Second, localized operations in the U.S. are extremely important to us. We will be more laser-focused there, specifically concentrating on providing the categories needed for warehousing operations. We plan to get that done well before branching out into other SKUs and categories. Overall, when developing and expanding our business in overseas markets, we will focus more on investment efficiency and returns, and we will not spend ahead of time. Our goal is to try to break even for our overseas business this year. That concludes my answer to this question. Thank you.
And that concludes the question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to management for any additional or closing comments.
Thank you once again for joining us today. You can find the webcast of today's call on ir.zkh.com. If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact us. Our contact information can be found in today's press release. Thank you, and have a great day.
The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.